最高法院研究室


最高人民法院研究室关于如何理解最高人民法院1963年10月29日（63）法研字第148号批复问题的电话答复
最高法院研究室



北京市高级人民法院：
你院1964年2月28日来函对我院1963年10月29日（63）法研字第148号《关于民事上诉案件经二审调解成立后无须再下裁定撤销原判决的批复》的意见收悉。
我院认为，经法院调解成立的案件，制发的调解书不仅是当事人间的协议，其中很重要的一点是法院根据政策法令认可了当事人间的协议。这表明法院制发的调解书，不只反映了当事人的意志，而且也包含法院的意志，所以调解书与判决书具有同等的法律效力。根据这种看法，第二审
调解成立的上诉民事案件，第二审法院可以在调解书上表明对第一审判决的态度，宣布第一审判决作废，按第二审调解执行。
二审调解书的内容可能是全部变更第一审的判决，也可能是部分变更，如系部分变更，在调解书上除写明变更的内容外，还要写明未变更原审的部分。以上两种情况均按第二审调解书执行。这样作就可避免当事人误认为两个法律文书同时有效，便利于执行。
至于我院上述批复中说“撤销原判决”，所用“撤销”一词，经我们研究认为不够确切。今后可以一律写为“废除一审判决”或“一审判决作废”。

附：北京市高级人民法院关于如何理解最高人民法院1963年10月29日（63）法研第148号批复的请示
最高人民法院：
你院1963年10月29日（33）法研字第148号关于一审判决后上诉的民事案件，经第二审调解成立，对第一审判决如何处理问题的批复，我们学习后，对在调解书上是否写明“撤销原判决”，有两种意见。现报告如下：
第一种意见：在调解书上不必写明“撤销原判决”。理由是：
（一）撤销原判决，一般指的是原判决有错误，或案情发生变化。第二审法院受理上诉或第一审法院再审改判时，才撤销原判，并说明撤销原判及改判的理由。法院成立的调解，是根据双方当事人互相让步、且经法院认可而达成的协议，无论案情有无变化，原判有无错误，调解书上只
扼要说明事实经过及达成协议的内容，并不象判决书那样也说明如何调解及调解内容的理由。如果在调解书上写明“撤销原判决”，则很难说明理由（也无必要说明），也容易使人发生当事人可以撤销原判的误解。
（二）刑事案件的判决确定后，被告必须执行。民事案件判决后，双方当事人可以协议不按原判执行，但他们无权撤销原判。遵照关于民事审判工作若干问题的意见中规定：“经法院调解或判决离婚后，双方要求恢复夫妻关系的，应当向当地政府进行复婚登记；双方向法院提出复婚要
求的，法院应将离婚的调解书或判决书收回注销，不得推诿。”我们理解，也是说明法院的判决虽无错误，案情又无变化，双方当事人可以协商不执行原判，但无权撤销原判，法院也不必撤销原判。
（三）上级法院的调解成立后，在它以前的判决无论是否已经生效，不言而喻将失去它的法律效力。
第二种意见：同意在调解书上写明“撤销原判决”。理由是：
（一）为了明确原判决不再生效，应在第二审的调解书上写“撤销原判决”。对于撤销原判的含义，不能只理解为凡撤销的就是错判，或只有对错误的判决才能用撤销。
（二）法院的调解和判决具有同等法律效力。既然第二审判决书上写明“撤销原判”，第二审调解书上也应写明。
（三）双方当事人成立的调解，是经法院审查批准的。所以调解书上写明“撤销原判决”并不意味着是当事人撤销的，而是法院撤销的。对于部份变更原判的调解，如果原判没有错误，可以说明是根据当事人的协议变更原判中的某某部份。
以上两种意见，是我们没有解决的问题，因此在执行中也不一致，有的写明“撤销原判”，有的没有写。究竟哪种较妥，请指示。
1964年2月28日



1964年3月31日
国务院


中华人民共和国国务院关于管理外国企业常驻代表机构的暂行规定(附英文)

1980年10月30日，国务院

规定
第一条 为了有利于发展国际经济贸易交往，管理外国公司、企业和其它经济组织（以下简称外国企业）常驻中国的代表机构，特制订本规定。
第二条 外国企业确有需要在中国设立常驻代表机构的，必须提出申请，经过批准，办理登记手续。
未经批准、登记的，不得开展常驻业务活动。
第三条 外国企业申请在中国设立常驻代表机构时，应当提交以下证件和材料：
一、由该企业董事长或者总经理签署的申请书，内容包括常驻代表机构名称、负责人员、业务范围、驻在期限、驻在地点等；
二、由该企业所在国或者所在地区的有关当局出具的开业合法证书；
三、由同该企业有业务往来的金融机构出具的资本信用证明书；
四、该企业委任常驻代表机构人员的授权书和各该人员的简历。
金融业、保险业申请设立常驻代表机构，除应当按照前款第一、二、四项规定提交证件和材料外，还应当同时提交该总公司的资负和损益年报、组织章程、董事会董事名单。
第四条 外国企业设立常驻代表机构的申请，分别由下列机关批准：
一、贸易商、制造厂商、货运代理商，报请中华人民共和国对外贸易部批准；
二、金融业、保险业，报请中国人民银行批准；
三、海运业、海运代理商，报请中华人民共和国交通部批准；
四、航空运输业，报请中国民用航空总局批准；
五、其它行业，按照业务性质，报请中华人民共和国政府的主管委、部、局批准。
第五条 外国企业设立常驻代表机构的申请获得批准后，应当在批准之日起的三十天内，持批准证件向中华人民共和国工商行政管理总局办理登记手续，填写登记表，缴纳登记费，领取登记证。逾期没有办理登记手续的，应当缴回原批准证件。
第六条 常驻代表机构按照第四条规定获得批准后，其人员和家属应当持批准证件向当地公安机关申请办理居留手续，领取居留证件。
第七条 常驻代表机构要求变更机构名称、负责人员、业务范围、驻在期限、驻在地点时，应当向原批准机关提出申请，获得批准后，持批准证件向中华人民共和国工商行政管理总局办理变更登记手续，缴纳变更登记费，并向当地公安机关申请办理居留证件的变更手续。
第八条 常驻代表机构应当持登记证，按照中国银行的有关规定，在中国银行或者中国银行指定的银行开立帐户。
第九条 常驻代表机构及其人员，应当遵照中国税法规定，向当地税务机关办理纳税登记手续，照章纳税。
第十条 常驻代表机构及其人员进口所需要的办公、生活用品和交通工具，应当向中国海关申报，并照章缴纳关税和工商统一税。
进口的交通车辆船舶，应当向当地公安机关登记，领取牌照、执照，并向当地税务机关缴纳车辆、船舶使用牌照税。
上述进口物品不得私自转让、出售。需要转让、出售的，应当事先向海关提出申请，获取批准。出售进口物品，只准售予指定商店。
第十一条 常驻代表机构租用房屋、聘请工作人员，应当委托当地外事服务单位或者中国政府指定的其它单位办理。
第十二条 中华人民共和国政府依法保护常驻代表机构及其人员的合法权益，并对其正常业务活动提供方便。
第十三条 常驻代表机构不得在中国境内架设电台。对于业务需要的商业性电信线路、通信设备等，应当向当地电信局申请租用。
第十四条 常驻代表机构的人员及其家属在中国的一切活动和进出中国国境，都应当遵守中国的法律、法令和有关规定。
第十五条 常驻代表机构及其人员违反本规定或者有其它违法活动，中国有关主管机关有权进行检查和依法处理。
第十六条 常驻代表机构驻在期限届满或者提前终止业务活动，应当在终止业务活动的三十天前以书面通知原批准机关，并于债务、税务和其它有关事宜清理完毕后，向原发登记证机关办理注销登记，缴销登记证。
原外国企业对其常驻代表机构的未了事宜，应当继续承担责任。
第十七条 已经批准设立的常驻代表机构，应当在本规定公布之日起的三十天内，持批准证件，向中华人民共和国工商行政管理总局补办登记手续。
第十八条 本规定未尽事宜，应当根据中国有关法律、法令和规定办理。
第十九条 外国企业在中国设立常驻代表，都比照设立常驻代表机构，适用本规定。
第二十条 本规定自发布之日起施行。

INTERIM PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE ADMI-NISTRATION OF RESIDENT REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES OF FOREIGN ENTERPRISES

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
INTERIM PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE ADMI-
NISTRATION OF RESIDENT REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES OF FOREIGN ENTERPRISES
(Promulgated by the State Council on October 30, 1980)
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated with a view to facilitating the
development of international economic and trade contacts and the
administration of resident representative offices in China of foreign
companies, enterprises and other economic organizations (hereinafter
referred to as "foreign enterprises").
Article 2
Any foreign enterprise desiring to establish a resident representative
office in China shall file an application for permission and, after
securing approval, go through the registration procedure. No resident
representative office to be established is allowed to start business
activities as such before approval and registration.
Article 3
When applying for permission to establish a resident representative office
in China, a foreign enterprise shall submit the following certificates and
papers:
a) an application form signed by the chairman of the board of directors or
the general manager of the enterprise. The application form shall include
such details as the name of the resident representative office to be
established, the name(s) of the responsible staff member(s), the scope of
activity, duration and site of the office;
b) the legal document sanctioning the operation of that enterprise issued
by the authorities of the country or the region in which that enterprise
operates;
c) the capital creditability document(s) issued by the financial
institution(s)
having business contacts with that enterprise; and
d) the credentials and resumes of the staff members of the resident
representative office appointed by that enterprise.
A banking or insurance institution which desires to open a resident
representative office shall, apart from submitting the certificates and
papers as specified in Paragraphs a, b and d, submit at the same time an
annual report showing the assets and liabilities and losses and profits of
the head office of that institution, its articles of association and the
composition of its board of directors
Article 4
Foreign enterprises wishing to establish resident representative offices
shall, according to their respective lines of business, apply to one of
the following departments for approval:
a) a trading or manufacturing enterprise or a shipping agency shall apply
to the Ministry of Foreign Trade of the People's Republic of China;
b) a financial or insurance institution shall apply to the People's Bank
of China; c) a maritime shipping enterprise or a maritime shipping agency
shall apply to the Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of
China;
d) an air transport enterprise shall apply to the General Administration
of Civil Aviation of China;
e) enterprises outside these lines of business shall, according to the
nature of their operations, apply to the competent commissions, ministries
or bureaus under the Government of the People's Republic of China.
Article 5
When granted approval to establish a resident office, a foreign enterprise
shall, within 30 days as of the date of approval, approach the State
Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People's Republic of
China, on the strength of the approval document, for going through the
registration procedure. The enterprise shall fill in a registration form,
pay registration fee and receive a registration certificate. The original
approval document shall be recalled in case of failure to register at the
expiry of the specified period.
Article 6
After the approval for the establishment of a resident representative
office is granted in accordance with the stipulations in Article 4, the
staff members of that office and their families shall, on the strength of
the approval document, go through the necessary formalities with the local
public security organ to obtain residence permits.
Article 7
When a resident representative office is to change its name, responsible
member(s), scope of operation, duration or address, it shall apply to the
original approving department and, after securing approval, approach the
State Administration for Industry and Commerce, on the strength of the
approval document, for going through the procedure for effecting changes
in registration and pay the fees. It shall also go through the procedures
with the local public security organ for changes of residence permits.
Article 8
A resident representative office shall, on the strength of the
registration certifi-cates and in accordance with the relevant
stipulations of the Bank of China, open an account at the Bank of China or
at any bank designated by the Bank of China.
Article 9
A resident representative office and its staff members shall, in
accordance with the stipulations of China's tax laws, go through the tax
registration procedure with the local tax office and pay taxes
accordingly.
Article 10
A resident representative office and its staff members shall declare to
China's Customs the imported office articles, articles for daily use and
means of transport and pay customs duties and the consolidated industrial
and commercial taxes as stipulated. Imported vehicles and ships shall be
registered with the local public security organ for obtaining the licence
plates and permits. Dues shall be paid to the local tax office for the use
of the vehicles and ships. Unauthorized transfer or sale of the above-
mentioned imported goods is not permitted. Where the need to effect a
transfer or sale arises, an application shall be submitted to the Customs
for approval before such transfer or sale can be effected. Such imported
goods can be sold only to designated shops.
Article 11
A resident representative office shall entrust local service units for
foreigners or other service units designated by the Chinese Government
with such matters as renting a house or engaging the service of Chinese
personnel.
Article 12
The Government of the People's Republic of China shall undertake to
protect, in accordance with the law, the legitimate rights and interests
of resident representative offices and their staff members and give them
facilities in their normal business activities.
Article 13
Resident offices are not allowed to install radio stations on Chinese
territory. They shall apply to the local telecommunications bureaus for
the renting of such commercial communications lines or communications
equipment as may be necessary for their business operations.
Article 14
The staff members of a resident representative office and their families
shall abide by Chinese laws, decrees and relevant regulations in all their
activities in China and in entering and leaving China.
Article 15
In case a resident representative office and its members violate these
Provisions or engage in other activities in contravention of Chinese laws,
the Chinese authorities have the power to look into the cases and deal
with them in accordance with the law.
Article 16
A resident representative office, when the duration of its operation
expires, or if it decides to end its business activities before the due
date, shall notify in writing the original approving department 30 days in
advance of the termination of its operation. After clearing up its debts,
paying its taxes and winding up other related matters, the resident office
shall go through the formalities with the original registration
certificate-issuing department for cancelling the registration and turn in
the certificate.
The foreign enterprise which the said resident representative office
represented, shall continue to be held responsible for any matter that the
said resident representative office may leave unfinished at the time of
its termination.
Article 17
Those resident representative offices that have already been established
with approval shall, within 30 days of the promulgation of these
Provisions, go through the procedure of registration with the State
Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People's Republic of China
on the strength of their documents of approval.
Article 18
Any other matter that may not be covered in these Provisions shall be
handled in accordance with the relevant Chinese laws, decrees and
regulations.
Article 19
Matters relating to resident representatives to be instituted by foreign
enterprises shall be dealt with by applying mutatis mutandis these
Provisions applicable to the establishment of resident representative
offices.
Article 20
These Provisions shall enter into effect as of the date of promulgation.