国务院关于中外合资经营企业外汇收支平衡问题的规定(附英文)(已失效)
国务院
国务院关于中外合资经营企业外汇收支平衡问题的规定(附英文)
1986年1月15日，国务院
第一条 为鼓励外国合营者在中国境内兴办中外合资经营企业，促进其外汇收支平衡，以利于生产经营和外国合营者将所得合法利润汇往国外，特制定本规定。
第二条 中外合资经营企业生产的产品应多出口，多创汇，做到外汇收支平衡。
第三条 依法批准兴办的中外合资经营企业，其外汇收支需要调剂的，应按照审批权限，分级管理解决。经国家主管机关批准兴办的中外合资经营企业，由国家主管机关负责在全国范围内的中外合资经营企业的外汇收入中调剂解决，也可由国家主管机关同地方人民政府按商定的比例调剂解决。经由国务院授权的或国家主管机关委托的地方人民政府或国务院有关部门批准兴办的中外合资经营企业，由各该地方人民政府或部门负责在所批准兴办的中外合资经营企业的外汇收入中调剂解决。
第四条 对于外国合营者提供先进技术、关键技术生产的尖端产品，或在国际上有竞争能力的优质产品，如国内急需，经主管部门鉴定合格，按国家规定的审批权限和审批程序，经过批准，可在内销比例和内销期限上给予优惠。此项内销，应由产需双方签订合同加以明确。前款企业的外汇平衡方案，按本规定第三条第二款规定由批准机关制订。批准机关制订的外汇平衡方案，应分别按行政序列，送对外经济贸易部或地方经贸部门审查提出意见，报国家计划委员会或地方计划委员会批准后纳入长期或年度用汇计划，予以解决。
第五条 中外合资经营企业生产国内需要长期进口或急需进口的产品，可根据对该项产品的质量、规格要求和进口情况，经国务院主管部门或地方主管部门批准实行进口替代。此项替代，应在双方签订的中外合资经营企业合同或产需合同中加以明确。经贸部门应积极支持国内用货单位同前款中外合资经营企业按国际价格订立购销合同；其用汇方案按本规定第三条第二款规定制订，并分别按行政序列，送对外经济贸易部或地方经贸部门审查提出意见，报国家计划委员会或地方计划委员会批准后纳入长期或年度进口用汇计划，予以解决。
第六条 中外合资经营企业为求得外汇收支平衡，经对外经济贸易部门批准，可利用外国合营者的销售关系，推销国内产品出口，实行综合补偿。但属于国家统一经营的、有出口配额的和应申报领取出口许可证的产品，须报对外经济贸易部特许批准；未经批准，中外合资经营企业不得经营此类产品的出口业务。
第七条 中外合资经营企业未按合同规定完成其所承担的出口和创汇任务，因而造成外汇收支不平衡的，有关机关不承担调剂解决的责任。
第八条 中外合资经营企业销售给经济特区和沿海开放城市的经济技术开发区以外的其他地区有外汇支付能力的企业的产品，经国家外汇管理部门批准，允许以外币计价结算。
第九条 同一外国合营者在中国境内（包括不同地方、不同部门）兴办两个或两个以上的中外合资经营企业，其合法所得的外汇份额有的有余、有的不足时，经国家外汇管理部门批准，可在其所办的各个企业之间调剂解决。前款调剂，应取得合营各方同意。
第十条 经对外经济贸易部门和外汇管理部门批准，外汇收支不能平衡的中外合资经营企业的外国合营者，可将其从中外合资经营企业分得的人民币利润，按《中外合资经营企业法》第七条的规定再投资于国内能够新创外汇或新增加外汇收入的企业，除依法享受退还已缴纳的部分所得税的优惠外，并可从接受该项投资企业新增加的外汇收入中获得外汇，以汇出其合法利润。
第十一条 本规定适用于在中国境内兴办的中外合作经营企业，以及香港、澳门、台湾地区的公司、企业和其他经济组织在内地兴办的合资经营企业、合作经营企业，也适用于华侨投资兴办的合资经营企业、合作经营企业。外国的合营者在中国境内兴办的金融、保险类企业，以及香港、澳门、台湾地区的合营者在内地兴办的此类企业，不适用本规定。
第十二条 本规定发布前的有关中外合资经营企业外汇收支平衡的规定，凡与本规定相抵触的，以本规定为准。
第十三条 本规定由对外经济贸易部负责解释。
第十四条 本规定自一九八六年二月一日起施行。(附英文)
PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE ISSUE OF BALANCE OFINCOME AND EXPENDITURE IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE OF CHINESE-FOREIGN EQUITY JOINTVENTURES
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE ISSUE OF BALANCE OF
INCOME AND EXPENDITURE IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE OF CHINESE-FOREIGN EQUITY JOINT
VENTURES
(Promulgated by the State Council on January 15, 1986)
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated for the purpose of encouraging foreign
investors to set up Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures in China and
promoting the achievement of balance of income and expenditure in foreign
exchange of these ventures so as to facilitate their production and
business operations and make it available for foreign partners to remit
abroad their legitimate profits obtained in China.
Article 2
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures should try to increase export of
their products and generate more foreign exchange and strive to achieve
balance of income and expenditure in foreign exchange.
Article 3
If the income and expenditure in foreign exchange of a Chinese-foreign
equity joint venture which has been set up with approval and in accordance
with the law need to be regulated, the regulation shall be administered
and effected by the authorities at different levels in accordance with
their respective authority for examination and approval. With respect to a
Chinese-foreign equity joint venture which has been set up with the
approval of competent state authorities, the regulation of its income and
expenditure in foreign exchange shall be effected by the competent state
authorities from the foreign exchange revenues of the Chinese-foreign
equity joint ventures throughout the country, or it may also be effected
jointly by the competent state authorities and the local people's
governments in accordance with the percentage agreed upon through
consultation between them. With respect to a Chinese-foreign equity joint
venture which has been launched with the approval of the local people's
government or of the department concerned of the State Council of the
People's Republic of China which has been authorized by the State Council
of the People's Republic of China or entrusted by competent state
authorities to grant the approval, the regulation of its revenue and
expenditure in foreign exchange shall be effected by the local people's
government or the department concerned from the foreign exchange revenues
of the Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures which have been launched with
their approval.
Article 4
Sophisticated products manufactured with advanced technology or key
technology provided by foreign joint venturers or quality products highly
competitive on the international market may be granted preferential
treatment in respect of the percentage and the time limit allowed for
placing them on the domestic market, provided that they are urgently
needed domestically and are proved to be up to standard upon appraisal by
competent authorities and that the granting of such treatment has been
approved in accordance with the power for examination and approval and the
procedures of examination and approval prescribed by the state. The
placing of such products on the domestic market shall be specified in the
contract signed between the manufactures and the party that needs the
products.
The plan for the balance of revenue and expenditure in foreign exchange in
the joint ventures involved in the preceding paragraph of this Article
shall be formulated by the approving authorities in accordance with the
provisions in the second paragraph of Article 3 of these Provisions. The
plan for the balance of revenue and expenditure in foreign exchange thus
formulated by the approving authorities shall, in accordance with the
respective administrative order, be submitted to the Ministry of Foreign
Economic Relations and Trade or the local department of foreign economic
relations and trade for examination and comments and then be submitted to
the State Planning Commission or the local planning commission for
approval, upon which it shall be included into the long-term plan or
annual plan for the use of foreign exchange and put into practice.
Article 5
Products manufactured by Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures which for a
long time have had to be imported or are urgently needed may, in
accordance with the quality and specifications required of the products
and the status of their importation and upon approval by the competent
authorities of the State Council of the People's Republic of China or by
the local competent authorities, be used as import substitutes. Such
substitution shall be specified in the Chinese-foreign equity joint
venture contract signed between the two parties thereto or in the contract
signed between the manufacturers and the party that needs the products.
Departments of foreign economic relations and trade shall give active
support to the domestic units that are users of the products and encourage
them to sign purchase and sale contracts with the Chinese-foreign equity
joint ventures referred to in the preceding paragraph in accordance with
the prices prevailing in the international market. The plans for the use
of foreign exchange for these units shall be formulated in accordance with
the provisions in the second paragraph of Article 3 of these Provisions.
The plans thus formulated shall, in accordance with the respective
administrative order, be submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Economic
Relations and Trade or the local departments of foreign economic relations
and trade for examination and comments and then be submitted to the State
Planning Commission or the local planning commissions for approval, upon
which they shall be included in the long-term plans or annual plans for
the use of foreign exchange and put into practice.
Article 6
In their efforts to seek a balance of revenue and expenditure in foreign
exchange, Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures may, upon approval by
departments of foreign economic relations and trade, make use of the
foreign joint venturers' marketing relations to promote the export of
domestic products and achieve comprehensive compensation. But with respect
to the products which are under the State's centralized management, or for
which export quotas are set, or for which an export licence is to be
applied for and obtained, they shall be exported only with the special
permission of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade. In
default of such special permission no Chinese-foreign equity joint
ventures may engage in the export business of these products.
Article 7
If a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture fails to fulfil the tasks of
export and bringing in foreign exchange earnings it has undertaken in
accordance with the stipulations of the contract, thus causing an
imbalance of revenue and expenditure in foreign exchange, the authorities
concerned shall not be held responsible for the regulation thereof.
Article 8
The products sold by Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures to enterprises
which are located in areas other than the Special Economic Zones and the
Economic and Technological Development Areas of the Open Coastal Cities
and which are capable of making payment in foreign exchange shall, upon
approval by the state departments for control of foreign exchange, be
permitted to be priced and settled in foreign exchange.
Article 9
With respect to a foreign joint venturer who has set up two or more
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures inside China (including those in
different localities and different sectors), the legitimate share of
foreign exchange the venturer is entitled to receive, in case of surplus
in one venture but deficit in another, may, upon approval by the state
department for control of foreign exchange, be regulated between the
ventures the venturer has set up.
The regulation referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be subject to
the consent of all the parties to the joint ventures.
Article 10
Foreign joint venturers in Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures who fail
to achieve a balance of revenue and expenditure in foreign exchange may,
upon approval by the departments of foreign economic relations and trade
and departments for control of foreign exchange, re-invest the share of
profit in Renminbi that they have received from the ventures in domestic
enterprises that are capable of bringing in or increasing foreign exchange
earnings in accordance with the provisions in Article 7 of the Law of the
People's Republic of China on Chinese-foreign Equity Joint Ventures and
may, in addition to enjoying the preferential treatment of getting part of
their paid incomes taxes refunded, obtain foreign exchange from the newly
increased foreign exchange revenues of the enterprises which have accepted
their investments and remit abroad their legitimate profit.
Article 11
These Provisions shall apply to the Chinese-foreign equity ventures
established inside China and to the joint ventures and contractual joint
ventures set up on China's mainland by companies, enterprises and other
economic organizations in the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. They
shall also apply to the joint ventures and contractual joint ventures set
up with investments by overseas Chinese.
Financial and insurance enterprises established inside China by foreign
joint ventures and enterprises of the same kind set up on China's mainland
by joint ventures from the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan shall
not be governed by these Provisions.
Article 12
Where provisions existing, before the promulgation of these Provisions,
concerning the question of the balance of revenue and expenditure in
foreign exchange are in conflict with these Provisions, the latter shall
prevail.
Article 13
The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade shall be responsible
for the interpretation of these Provisions.
Article 14
These Provisions shall go into effect on February 1, 1986.
深圳市人民政府关于印发深圳市高层次专业人才认定办法（试行）的通知
广东省深圳市人民政府
深圳市人民政府关于印发深圳市高层次专业人才认定办法（试行）的通知
深府〔2008〕203号
各区人民政府，市政府直属各单位：
《深圳市高层次专业人才认定办法（试行）》已经市政府同意，现予印发，请遵照执行。
深圳市人民政府
二○○八年九月二十日
深圳市高层次专业人才认定办法（试行）
第一章 总 则
第一条 为建立科学、规范、体现能力、突出业绩的高层次专业人才评价和选拔体系，根据《中共深圳市委深圳市人民政府关于加强高层次专业人才队伍建设的意见》（深发〔2008〕10号），结合实际，制定本办法。
第二条 高层次专业人才的认定及认定标准的编制、发布适用本办法。
本办法所称高层次专业人才包括高层次专业技术人才和高技能人才。
第三条 高层次专业人才认定坚持公开、公平的原则，坚持品德、知识、能力和业绩并重的原则，坚持业内认可、社会认可的原则。
第四条 市人事部门负责高层次专业人才认定工作的综合管理和高层次专业技术人才认定，市劳动保障部门负责高技能人才认定。
第二章 认定范围和条件
第五条 高层次专业人才从已在深工作、来深自主创业或已与在深单位达成工作意向的优秀专业人才中认定产生。
高层次专业人才的认定不受国籍、户籍、地域限制。
第六条 高层次专业人才除应具备高层次专业人才认定标准规定的条件外，还应当具备下列条件：
（一）遵纪守法。
（二）有良好的职业道德，严谨的科研作风和科学、求实、团结、协作的精神。
（三）高层次专业技术人才中国家级领军人才年龄应在60周岁以下（两院院士除外），地方级领军人才年龄应在55周岁以下，后备级人才年龄应在40周岁以下；高技能人才中国家级人才年龄应在50周岁以下，地方级人才年龄应在45周岁以下，后备级人才年龄应在40周岁以下。有特别突出贡献者，年龄条件可适当放宽。
第三章 认定标准编制与发布
第七条 市政府应当根据本市产业发展和人才需求状况，制定高层次专业人才认定标准，并结合实际情况适时调整，实行动态发布机制。
第八条 高层次专业人才认定标准的编制和发布程序如下：
（一）市人事、劳动保障部门经过调查研究，广泛征求社会各界意见，会同政府行业主管部门和行业协会研究编制高层次专业人才认定标准。
（二）市人事、劳动保障部门召集相关政府主管部门、行业协会、专家等组成评估委员会，对高层次专业人才认定标准进行评估、论证。
（三）高层次专业人才认定标准经市政府审定后发布实施。
第四章 认定程序
第九条 市人事、劳动保障部门常年受理高层次专业人才的认定申请。
第十条 高层次专业人才认定按下列规定执行：
（一）个人申请。个人向所在单位提出认定申请，并填写《深圳市高层次专业人才认定申请核准表》，提供相关证明材料。
（二）单位及政府主管部门审核。申请人所在单位对申请人各项条件进行审核，符合条件的在其申请表中加具推荐意见后连同相关证明材料报送到主管部门，主管部门加具推荐意见后报市人事或劳动保障部门；申请人所在单位无主管部门的，由单位报市人事或劳动保障部门。
（三）核准及公示。经市人事或劳动保障部门核准符合认定条件的人选，在市人事、劳动保障部门网站进行公示，公示期为10个工作日。
（四）发证。经公示无异议的人选由市人事、劳动保障部门确定为高层次专业人才相应层次人选并获颁证书。
（五）入库并公告。经认定的人选进入我市高层次专业人才库，并享受各项配套政策。同时通过市人事、劳动保障部门网站向社会公告。
第五章 任期与考核
第十一条 高层次专业人才任期为5年，期满可再次申请高层次专业人才的认定。
任期内，高层次专业人才达到更高级别认定条件的，可按规定申请相应级别人才认定。
第十二条 高层次专业人才实行期中、期末考核制度，考核重点是创新能力、业绩贡献、人才培养等方面。考核办法另行制定。
第十三条 期中考核结果不合格者，取消其高层次专业人才资格，收回证书。期中、期末考核结果存入个人档案，市人事、劳动保障部门存档。
第十四条 任期已满人员再次申报参加认定时，以最近一个任期内及期满之后担任的职务、取得的业绩成果等为申报依据。
第十五条 有下列情形之一者，应当取消资格、收回证书并按有关规定取消或追回其所享受的物质待遇：
（一）学术、业绩上弄虚作假被有关部门查处。
（二）提供虚假材料骗取高层次专业人才资格。
（三）任期内受纪检、监察部门审查并给予严重警告以上处分。
（四）任期内被处以刑事处罚。
因前款第（一）、（二）项情形取消资格的，不再受理其高层次专业人才认定申请。
第六章 附 则
第十六条 本办法自发布之日起试行，试行期5年。
附件：深圳市高层次专业人才认定标准
附件
深圳市高层次专业人才认定标准（2008年）
一、国家级领军人才人选认定标准
（一）中国科学院院士、中国工程院院士、新世纪百千万人才工程国家级人选、国家有突出贡献的中青年专家、全国杰出专业技术人才、中国工艺美术大师。
（二）近5年，获得以下奖项者：
1．国家自然科学奖一等奖、二等奖；
2．国家技术发明奖一等奖、二等奖；
3．国家科技进步奖一等奖；
4．国家级优秀教学成果特等奖；
5．长江学者成就奖；
6．中国青年科学家奖；
7．全国中青年德艺双馨文艺工作者奖；
8．茅盾文学奖；
9．鲁迅文学奖；
10．中国专利奖金奖（须为专利发明人及设计人）。
（三）近5年，担任以下职务者：
1．国家“863计划”的领域专家组组长、副组长及成员，专题组组长、副组长，重点项目召集人；
2．国家“973计划”项目首席科学家、项目首席科学家助理、承担研究任务的项目专家组成员；
3．国家科技攻关计划课题负责人；
4．国家实验室主任、学术委员会主任，国家重点实验室主任、学术委员会主任；
5．中国社会科学院学部委员、荣誉学部委员；
6．国家社会科学基金重大项目首席专家；
7．中国科学院“创新团队国际合作伙伴计划”人选；
8．教育部“长江学者奖励计划”特聘教授或者讲座教授。
（四）近5年，获得国家自然科学基金“国家杰出青年科学基金”、“国家杰出青年科学基金（外籍）”、“创新研究群体科学基金”资助者。
（五）近5年，在Nature或Science上以第一或第二作者或通讯作者发表论文者。
（六）近5年，直接培养出获得奥运会、世界杯、世锦赛冠军的主教练员。
（七）近5年，获得“中华技能大奖”荣誉称号的高技能人才。
二、地方级领军人才人选认定标准
（一）享受国务院特殊津贴人员，省（部）级有突出贡献的中青年专家，省（含副省级市）级以上优秀专家，享受深圳市政府特殊津贴人员，中国科学院“百人计划”人选；深圳市“双百计划”人选；深圳市“鹏城学者”长期特聘教授；广东省工艺美术大师；广东省名中医称号获得者。
（二）近5年，获得以下奖项者：
1．国家科技进步奖二等奖；
2．省、部级科学技术奖一等奖；
3．国家级优秀教学成果一等奖；
4．广东省哲学社会科学优秀成果一等奖；
5．广东省科学技术突出贡献奖；
6．全国精神文明建设“五个一工程”奖单项奖（含子项5个：文艺类图书、电影、电视剧片、戏剧、歌曲）；
7．中国文化艺术政府奖（子项2个：文华奖、群星奖）；
8．中国广播影视大奖（子项3个：中国电影“华表奖”，中国电视剧“飞天奖”，中国广播电视节目奖）；
9．中国专利奖优秀奖、省专利奖金奖（须为专利发明人及设计人）。
（三）近5年，担任以下职务者：
1．国家“863计划”专题组成员，课题组组长、副组长及成员；
2．国家“973计划”主要业务（学术）骨干；
3．国家科技攻关计划主要研究人员；
4．省部（厅）级实验室主任、学术委员会主任；
5．国家重点实验室学术委员会成员；
6．国家社会科学基金优秀成果项目负责人。
（四）近5年，获得国家自然科学基金的青年科学基金或国家基础科学人才培养基金资助者。
（五）近5年，全国名校长、全国模范教师、全国优秀教师荣誉称号获得者；教育部“优秀人才支持计划”人选。
（六）近5年，担任教育部“211工程”院校系主任及以上职务的专业人才；从海外知名院校来深担任我市高等学校系主任及以上职务的专业人才。
（七）近5年，卫生部有突出贡献的中青年专家人选。
（八）近5年，直接培养出获得奥运会、世界杯、世锦赛第二、三名运动员的主教练员。
（九）近5年，“深圳市产业发展与创新人才奖”获奖金额排名居本行业获奖人员前5%（含5%）的高层管理人员和主要技术负责人。
（十）近5年，获得“全国技能能手”荣誉称号的高技能人才。
三、后备级人才人选认定标准
（一）近5年，获得以下奖项者：
1．省、部级科学技术奖二等奖；
2．省厅级科学技术奖一等奖；
3．市（省会和地级市）级科学技术奖一等奖；
4．省级优秀教学成果一等奖；
5．国家级优秀教学成果二等奖；
6．广东省哲学社会科学优秀成果二等奖；
7．省精神文明建设“五个一工程”奖单项奖（须为个人获得）；
8．文联奖（须为个人获得）（子项12个：中国戏剧奖、大众电影百花奖、电影金鸡奖、音乐金钟奖、全国美术展览奖、曲艺牡丹奖、书法兰亭奖、杂技金菊奖、摄影金像奖、民间文艺山花奖、电视金鹰奖、舞蹈荷花奖）；
9．省专利奖优秀奖（须为专利发明人及设计人）。
（二）近5年，担任以下职务者：
1．国家“863计划”或“973计划”科研人员；
2．省重点实验室的项目负责人、主要科研人员；
3．市（地级）重点实验室主任；
4．市高新技术企业研发机构负责人。
（三）近5年，获得全国优秀班主任荣誉称号，教育部“青年骨干教师培养计划”人选。
（四）近5年，“深圳市产业发展与创新人才奖”获奖金额排名居本行业获奖人员前5%—15%的高层管理人员和主要技术负责人。
（五）近5年，获得省级技术能手或者省劳动保障部门组织的职业技能竞赛前3名的高技能人才。
说明：海外高层次专业人才及其他行业高层次专业人才认定标准另行制定。